Window frames



Feb` 1, 1966 M. J. NARDULI.:

WINDOW FRAMES Filed Feb. 12, 1964 FIG. IA

FIG. 2A

INVENTOR.

United States Patent O 3,232,396 WINDW FRAMES Michael J. Nardulli, 1934 N. 77th St., Elmwood Park, Ill. Filed Feb. 12, 1964, Ser. No. 344,263 4 Claims. (Cl. 189-72) This invention relates to window frames and particuarly to window frame adapted to receive standard wood Sash.

Under the influence of many related factors such as consumer preference, price, manufacturing procedures, the pattern of distribution at various levels, and requirements established by builders, a tendency has been developed in the building field to use all-metal windows for factory and business buildings where inside appearance is relatively unimportant, and to use all wood windows for residence, apartment buildings and the like where owner or tenant preference as to interior finish has demanded the softness and adaptability of wood sash and wood interior trim.

Such all wood windows have of course undergone an intensive period of development in which many different systems or types of sash mounting equipment or hardware have been provided for mounting the wood sash in the wood frames. The sash mounting hardware thus developed has related to all of the usual swinging and sliding sash arrangements, and in the more elaborate types has provided for ready removal of the individual sash, this being almost `universally true in respect to hardware for sliding window sash and double hun g window sash. Many of the hardware systems for mounting the wood sash have met with wide acceptance.

As such hardware systems have developed for mounting the wood sash, the manufacture and distribution of the wood sash and the -wood frames have followed the patterns or standards established through the years, and the individual sash and frame parts cut to an assortment of sizes, shapes and lengths have been produced by large mills in the lumbering areas of the country and have been purchased and stocked in large lots by millwork jobbers in the more populated areas where the windows are to be used. The millwork jobber then assembles the Wood parts on order to provide sash in the desired width, height and the frames in the required width, height and thickness. Usually :the millworlt jobber installs the selected sash mounting hardware in the assembled frame. The wood parts are usually prime coated by the jobber.

Despite the wide acceptance and use of the all-wood windows that are thus provided, it has long been recognized that the exterior maintenance of the windows and particularly the wood frames has been excessively troublesome and costly, and in View of this it is the primary object of this invention to provide a new and improved window construction which will satisfy the consumer preference for interior wood surfaces and standardized sash mounting while at the same time substantially reducing exterior maintenance problems and costs. An object elated to the foregoing is to provide a novel window frame made primarily from extruded metal parts so as to be compatible with standard hardware for mounting wood sash therein, and providing full metal exterior surfaces and for association therewith of wood interior trim in the usual interior finishing operations.

In the drawings:

FIG. l is a vertical cross sectional view showing the head of the frame in position in a frame wall;

FiG lA is a bottom plan View of the end of the head trim member of the frame;

FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross sectional line showing a jamb of the frame in position in the frame wall;

FIG. 2A is a fragmental cross sectional view of a por- 3,232,396 Patented Feb. 1, 1966 tion of one of the extrusions forming the outer section of the frame and seen in the left-hand middle part of FIG. 2;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 and showing the manner in ywhich adjacent frames are mulled together; and

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross sectional view showing the sill of the frame in position in a frame wall.

For purposes of disclosure the invention is illustrated herein as embodied in a double hung window frame which is adapted to receive standard inch and three-eighth wood sash.

Under the present invention the frame as it is produced by the jobber and delivered to the building site, comprises a plurality of seperately formed metal and Wood parts rigidly assembled so that the frame 21 may be put in place as a unit and in such a relation to the building wall that both the interior and exterior finishing operations about the frame 21 may be readily accomplished. Basically, as indicated in FIG. l the frame comprises a middle or main section 21M and an outside section 21A, both rnade from metal extrusions, and an inside section ZlT made from wood and serving to facilitate interior finishing and trim operations. Each of these frame sections of course includes jambs, a head and a sill, as will be described, and while the cross sectional form of certain of these parts necessarily is varied in many respects according to the sash mounting to be employed, the basic manner `of association of the parts remains .the same so that the advantages above set forth are attained with al1 types of sash mounting and arrangement.

Thus, the main section 21M as made up from head, sill and jamb extrusions which, although varying ysomewhat tin cross section, possess common characteristics of form that are essential .to the attainment of the broad objectives of this invention. These characteristics that are common to the head, jambs and sill of the :section 21M are illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 respectively, and comprise parallel inside and outside walls 25 and 26 connected together by an integral web 27 so that the outer edges of the walls 25 and 26 lie in a common plane perpendicular to these walls, and along the outer `edges of the Walls 25 and 26, integral and relatively nar-row anges 25F and 26F are extended toward each other in a common plane. In the head, FIG. 1 and jamb, FIG. 2, and in sills (not shown) for horizontal sliding sash, the web 27 flies primarily in Aa 4plane parallel to the plane of the flanges 25F and 26F, while in sills, FIG. 4, `for double hung installation, the web 27 is disposed to provide a slope as at 27S, FIG. 4, from inside to outside; and the primary variations that vmay be required in the extrusions are in the provision of different longitudinally extending stop arrangements determined 'by the type and mounting of the sash to be used. The sill extrusion has its sloping wall 27S extended a sh-ort distance beyond the Wall 26, FIG. 4, and a drip :lip 38F extends downward-ly to the plane Vof the flanges ZSF and 26F. At its inside edge the wall 27S is extended upwardly then toward the inside .at a slope, and then downwardly for a short distance to provide a narrow metal trim structure 12?8 which may over- -lie the outside edge of the stool 33d; and the ribs 125 of the jambs are notched to overlie this metal trim structure 1278. The jamb extrusions, FIG. 2, on the outer face of the web 27, have pairs of curved ribs 29 fonmed thereon near the inside and outside walls 25 and 26 to define screw receiving openings into which screws S, FIGS. 1 and 4, extended through the head and sil may be threaded to secure the head and sill to the jambs.

The inner sect-ion 21T is provided by four Wood strips 3i) of identical rectangular cross section that are rigidly secured to the inside faces of the inside walls 2S so as to define an inwardly projecting rectangular frame to which interior Wood trim may be nailed. The strips 30 are preferably secured to the linside walls of the head and sill by metal lclips 31 nailed to one face of Ithe head and sill strips 30, so that the hook shaped ends 31H of the clips 31 may embrace the -anges 25F `of the head and sill. After hooking the clips 31 of the head and sill members onto the flange 25F, the strips 30 are rot-ated into the positions shown, and the ends of the head and sill wood str-ips engage and are nailed -to the ends of the jamb strips 30 to hold the several wood .strips in assembled relation to each other and the frame section ZM. The head and -jam-b strips 3i) which :are to form part of the interi-or wood trim are accurately positioned by engagement with inward flanges 125 on the inside lsurfaces of the inside walls 25 of the head .and jamb eX-trusions. In the use of t-he frame, the ins-ide edge surfaces 3R of strips 30 define a reference plane in the location of the frame in the building wall, such surfaces 33H being located in the plane of the inside surfaces of the finfished wal-l.

The outer section 21A of the frame is lmade up from extrusions that are general-ly similar in cross section form, there being one extrusion that serves for the jamb elements of the .section 21A, while slightly different forms are provided for use as the head and sill members, as will be described.

In FIG. 2, an extrusion 35 is shown that is used for the jamb elements of the outside frame section 21A, and it may be noted that -generally similar extrusions .are employed for the head and the sil-l of this outer frame section, as will 'be described. The eXtrusion 35, when viewed in cross section, has a main wall 36 with an integral mounting wall or fin 37 extending at right ang-les from the `outer face of the wall 36 near the inside edge. Along the outside edge, and on said or outer face, the wall 36 has an enlarged hollow rib 38 formed so as to provide a screw-receiving passage 38E for use in .securing the head and -sill elements of the outside frame together. The portion of the wall 36 between the rib 33 and the plane of the iin 37 .serves t-o provide the outside metal trim of the frame 21, and a longitudinal flange 39 spaced inwardly from the rib 38 and Ion the other or inner face of the wall 36 serves `to provide a blind stop.

The portion of the wall 36 between the inside end of the wall 35 and the plane of the iin 37 functions in loca-ting and securing the extrusion 35 to the main section 21M of the frame 21. Thus, on the inner face of the wall 36 an under-cut groove 40 is provided that is adapted to embrace and interlock with the flange ZdF of the outside wall 26 of a main frame extrusion. To provide the groove 40, a rib 41 is formed in the plane of the iin 37, and spaced inwardly from the rib 41 a hook-shaped rib 42 is formed. The rib 42 .is .adapted to be hooked under the free edge of the flange ZF with the outside face of the wall 26 engaging the rib 41, 4thus to determine the lateral position of .the extrusion 35 with respect to an extrusion of the main frame 2.1M. The extrusion 35 is held in this posit-ion when the head, sill and jambs Iof the outside frame are connected together, as will be described.

In FIG. 1 an extrusion 135 is illustrated that is used for the head of the outside frame section 21A. The eX- trusion 135 is generally similar to the extrusion 35 but it will be noted that outwardly of the `tin 37 the upper surface of Ithe wall 36 has a gradual outward slope 136; the hollow rib 38 has been eliminated, and a drip lip 13S has been provided in a depending relation .along the Iouter edge :of the wa-ll 36. The drip lip is spaced from the tin 37 so that it may engage the outer surfaces of the ribs 3S on the jam-b elements of the frame sect-ion 21A. The parting stop 39 and the ribs 41 and 42 are cut away near the ends of 4the extrusion .135 as shown in FIG. 1A, 4so that these ends may overlie the jamb members 35, and screws S .are extended lthnough openings .in these ends Iinto passages 38? in fastening the outer fram-e section in place.

In FIG. 4, an yextmsion 235 is shown tha-t is used as the sill member of the Outside frame section 21A. In the extrusion 235, the tiange 37 is the same as the iin 37 above described, but the blind stop 39 is eliminated so that the upper surface of the wall 36 is smooth and provides for free ilow of water, and at its outside edge, the wail 36 has a depending drip lip 228.

The window frames of this invention are of such a character that the frames, in any of the standard or ybasic sizes, may be assembled into multiple window units, .and to enable this to `be done, inside and outside mullions 45 and 335 are provided in the lform of metal extrusions as shown in FIG. 3. Thus, the inside -mu'llion 45 has a wall do provided with hook-shaped flanges 48 engaging flanges 25A formed on a pair of main frame extrusions 25, and on its outside face the wall 336A has a pair of spaced hook shaped tlan'ges 42 that embrace the flanges 26F of the aforesaid wall 26. This interlocked relation of the hook-shaped flanges 48 and 42 with the flanges 25A and 26F serves to hold the connected frame elements in the proper spaced relation at their inside edges.

The outside mullion 335 is compatible with the outside frarne extrusions 35, and 235, and embodies certain of the characteristics of the extrusions 35, 135 and 235. Thus, the mullion 335 has a pair of spaced parallel walls 336 that are connected by a wall 336A disposed in the same general relation to the walls 336 as the liange 37 of FIG. 2, and the outside edges of the walls 336 are connected by a relatively thick wall 338 located in the same yrelation as the iiange 38 of FIG. 2 and having a pair of longitudinally extended undercut grooves 333? in its inside face to receive fastening screws in the manner described with relation to the groove 38P.

The remote faces of the walls 336 have blind stop ilanges 339 thereon, and have a rib and ange thereon to provide an undercut groove 40 that corresponds in dimension and function with similarly numbered groove of FIG. 2, and this enables the outside mullion 335 to be put selectively in association with the flanges 26F of the adjacent main frame members to correspond with the frame width established by the location of the extrusion 35, 135 and 235.

The walls 25 and 26 of the jambs of the main frame section project inwardly from the web 27 to constitute inside and outside stops that correspond to the inside and outside stops of a wood frame, and the spacing between the stops thus provided corresponds exactly with the spacing used in conventional wood frames. Thus, where the frame is to receive standard one and threeeights inch sash, the spacing of the stops is three and three-eighths inches, and .all of the standard systems of sash mounting hardware, such as R.O.W., Durks, Master, and others, are `built for mounting in this standardized space of three and three-eighths inches between the inside and outside stops.

In the frame of this invention this same spacing of the stops is employed so that any one of the standardized systems of sash mounting hardware may be employed. Thus as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of R.O.W. sash guides 50 are yieldingly mounted between the inside and outside stops 25 and 26 in the usual manner by means including screws 51 threaded through the web 27, and these guides Si) serve to removably receive standard wood sash in the usual manner employed with this type of sash guide. Other types of standardized sash mounting hardware may be similarly associated with main frame section to accomplish the same function and operation as with the wood frame for which the particular hardware was originally designed.

The hardware installed in the two jambs of the frame may be the same, or may differ somewhat according to the system of sash mounting hardware being employed, but in any event, it is put in place in the same way as in prior wood frames so that equivalent operation may be attained.

From the foregoing description it Will be apparent that the present invention provides a new and improved window structure that has wood sash and inside wood trim coupled with maintenance-free exterior metal frame surfaces, thus to meet customer preferences concerning interior appearance while at the Same time reducing upkeep.

It will also be evident that the foregoing advantageous results Iare achieved in such a way that the convenient and highly desirable sash mounting characteristics of lmodern sash receiving hardware may be utilized, and further that the same frame structure may Ibe employed with any selected system of sash mounting hardware.

Thus, while preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated herein, it is to be understood that change-s and variations may lbe made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

l claim:

1. In a window frame for receiving standard wood sash, a main frame section comprising jamb, head and sill members formed as metal extrusions and rigidly secured together, said extrusions each having a main web joining parallel interior and exterior Walls with anges on the Outer edge of said walls, .an interior frame section formed from wood head, jamb and sill members secured to each other and fixed in position on the interior Walls of said main frame section, and an outside frame section comprising extruded jamb, head :and sill members each comprising Aa main wall with an integral outwardly projecting mounting ange disposed intermediate the inside and outside edges of such main wall, and said main wall at its said inside edge being formed with an undercut groove adapted to interlock with the flange of said exterior wall of the extrusions of the main frame section for providing an outwardly extending exterior metal trim section for the frame7 means for securing the extrusions of said outside frame section rigidly together in their interlocked relation to the main frame section, the extrusions of said main frame section having longitudinally extending stops spaced to receive mounting hardware for standard wood sash.

2. 1n a window frame for receiving standard sliding Wood sash, a main frame section comprising jamb, head and sill members formed as metal extrusions and rigidly secured together, said extrusions each having a main web joining parallel interior and exterior walls with anges on the outer edge of said walls, an interior frame section `formed from wood head, jamb and sill members secured to each other and lixed in position on the interior walls of said main frame section and providing interior wood trim for the main frame section, and an outside frame section comprising extruded jamb, head and sill members, each comprising a main wall with an integral outwardly projecting mounting flange disposed intermediate the inside and outside edges of such main wall, and said main Wall at its said inside edge being formed with an undercut groove adapted to interlock with the flange of said exterior wall of the extrusions of the main frame section `for providing an outwardly extending exterior metal trim section for the frame, means for securing the extrusions of said outside frame section rigidly together in their interlocked relation to the main frame section, the extrusions of said main frame section having longitudinal extending stops spaced to receive mounting hardware for standard wood sash, and spring pressed sash guide means between the stops of at least zone of the jamb members of the main frame to enable standard wood sash to be put in place in the frame.

3. 'In a Wind-ow frame for receiving standard Wood sash, a main frame section comprising jamb, head and sill members formed as metal extrusions and rigidly secured together, said extrusions each having a main web joining parallel interior and exterior walls `with llanges on the outer edge of said walls, an interior frame section formed from wood head, jamb and sill members secured to each other and xed in position on the interior walls of said main frame section, and an loutside frame section comprising extruded jamb, head and sill members each comprising a main Wall with an integral outwardly projecting mounting flange disposed substantially internie` diate the inside and outside edges of such main wall, and said main `wall at its said inside edge being formed with an undercut groove adapted to interlock with the lange of said exterior wall of t-he extrusions of the main frame section for providing an outwardly projecting exterior metal trim section for the frame and means for securing the extrusions of said outside frame section rigidly together in their interlocked relation to the main frame section, two lof the extrusions of said main frame section that are located at and which form opposite sides of said main frame section having longitudinally extending stops spaced to receive mounting hardware for slidably engaging the edges tot standard sliding wood sash, and the other two of the extrusions located at `and forming the other opposite sides ofthe main frame section having longitudinal stops thereon for cooperation with such sliding Wood sash.

4. ln a window frame for receiving standard sliding Wood sash, a main frame section comprising top, bottom and side members formed as metal extrusions and rigidly secured together, said extrusions each having a main web joining parallel interior and exterior walls with langes on the outer edge 'of said walls, an interior frame section formed from wood head, jamb and sill members secured to each other and fixed in position on the interi-or walls of said main `frame section, and an outside frame section comprising extruded top, bottom and side members each comprising a main Wall with an integral out- Wardly projecting mounting flange disposed substantially intermediate the inside and outside edges of such m-ain wall, and said main wall 4at its said inside edge being formed with an undercut gro-ove adapted to interlock with the ilange of said exterior Wall of the extrusions of the main frame section for providing an outwardly projecting exterior metal trim section for the frame, and means for securing the extrusions of said outside frame section rigidly together in their interlocked relation to the main frame section, two of the extnisions of said main frame section that are located at and which form opposite sides of said main frame section having longitudinally extend-ing stops spaced to receive mounting hardware for slidably engaging the edges of standard .sliding wood sash, means mounted between the stops of at least one of said last mentioned extrusions providing resilient sash guides for engaging one edge of the sash, and the other two of the extrusions 1oca-ted at and forming the other opposite sides of the main frame section having longitudinal stops thereon for cooperation with such sliding wood sash.

References Cited bythe Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 460,480 9/ 1891 Mesker et al 189-72 2,299,651 10/1942 lPeremi et al 189-72 2,742,119 4/1956 Combs et al. 189-75 2,863,534 'l2/1958 Gillespie 189-75 2,939,187 6/1960 Hilgendorf 1Z0-52.2, 3,148,754 9/ 1964 Nardulli 189-75 HARRISON R. MOSELEY, Primary Examiner.

W. E. HEATON, Assistant Examiner. 

1. IN A WINDOW FRAME FOR RECEIVING STANDARD WOOD SASH, A MAIN FRAME SECTION COMPRISING JAMB, HEAD AND SILL MEMBERS FORMED AS METAL EXTRUSIONS AND RIGIDLY SECURED TOGETHER, SAID EXTRUSIONS EACH HAVING A MAIN WEB JOINING PARALLEL INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR WALLS WITH FLANGES ON THE OUTER EDGE OF SAID WALLS, AN INTERIOR FRAME SECTION FORMED FROM WOOD HEAD, JAMB AND SILL MEMBERS SECURED TO EACH OTHER AND FIXED IN POSITION ON THE INTERIOR WALLS OF SAID MAIN FRAME SECTION, AND AN OUTSIDE FRAME SECTION COMPRISING EXTRUDED JAMB, HEAD AND SILL MEMBERS EACH COMPRISING A MAIN WALL WITH AN IN TEGRAL OUTWARDLY PROJECTING MOUNTING FLANGE DISPOSED INTERMEDIATE THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE EDGES OF SUCH MAIN WALL, AND SAID MAIN WALL AT ITS SAID INSIDE EDGE BEING FORMED WITH AN UNDERCUT GROOVE ADAPTED TO INTERLOCK WITH THE FLANGE OF SAID EXTERIOR WALL OF THE EXTRUSIONS OF THE MAIN FRAME SECTION FOR PROVIDING AN OUTWARDLY EXTENDING EXTERIOR METAL TRIM SECTION FOR THE FRAME, MEANS FOR SECURING THE EXTRUSIONS OF SAID OUTSIDE FRAME SECTION RIGIDLY TOGETHER IN THEIR INTERLOCKED RELATION TO THE MAIN FRAME SECTION, THE EXTRUSIONS OF SAID MAIN FRAME SECTION HAVING LONGITUDINALLY EXTENDING STOPS SPACED TO RECEIVE MOUNTING HARDWARE FOR STANARD WOOD SASH. 